Birus (HPV) human papillomas are extremely common to the world sexual transmission infection.
The peculiarity of this infection is that for many years it may not manifest itself in any way, but in the end leading to the development of benign (papillomas) or malignant (cervical carcinoma) genital diseases.
Types of human papilloma viruses
More than 100 types of HPV are known. The types are the peculiar "subspecies" of the virus that differ from each other. The types are indicated by numbers that have been assigned to them while opening up.
The group of high oncogenic risk is 14 types: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68 (these types are related to the development of cervical cancer).
In addition, the types of low oncogenic risk are known (mainly 6 and 11). They lead to the formation of anogenital warts (pointed condition, papillomas). Papillomes are found on the mucosa of vulva, the vagina, in the perianal region, on the skin of the genitals. They almost never become evil, but lead to significant cosmetic defects in the genital area. Warts on other parts of the body (arms, legs, face) can also be caused by these types of viruses and can have a different origin. In subsequent articles we will separately discuss the types of HPV "high risk" and "low risk".
Human papilloma infection of human papilloma
The virus is mainly transmitted in sexual intercourse. Sooner or later, HPV almost all women are infected: up to 90% of sexually active women will meet this infection throughout their lives.
But there is good news: most of the infected (about 90%) will get rid of the HPV without medical interventions for two years.
This is a normal course of the infectious process caused by HPV in the human body. This time it is sufficient for the human immune system to completely get rid of the virus. In this situation, the HPV will do not damage the body.That is, if an HPV has been discovered some time ago, but now it is not, it is absolutely normal!
It should be borne in mind that the immune system works for different people with "different speeds". In this regard, the speed of getting rid of the HPV can be different in the sexual partners. Therefore, a situation is possible when one of the partners found one HPV and the other did not.
Most people are infected with the HPV shortly after the start of sexual activity and many of them will never know that HPVs have been infected. Persistent immunity after the infection is not formed, so the re -infection is possible both the same virus with which there was already a meeting and other types of viruses.
The "high risk" HPV is dangerous as it can lead to the development of cervical cancer and other types of cancer. High risk HPVs do not cause other problems. The HPV does not lead to the development of inflammation on the vaginal mucosa/cervix, on the disorders of the menstrual cycle or infertility.
The HPV does not affect the ability to conceive and bear pregnancy. The child's HPV is not transmitted during pregnancy and during childbirth. Diagnosis of the human papilloma virus
It is practically useless to take an analysis for HPV HPV on a high oncogenic risk of up to 25 years (except for those women who begin a sex life in advance (up to 18 years)), since at that time it is very likely that a virus will detect, which will soon leave the body alone.
After 25-30 years, it makes sense to take the analysis:
- Together with an analysis of cytology (Pap - Test). If there are changes in the Pap - and HPV test "high risk", this situation requires particular attention;
- Also long -term persistence of the HPV "high risk" in the absence of cytological changes requires attention. Recently, it has been shown that the sensitivity of HPV tests in the prevention of cervical cancer is higher than the sensitivity of a cytological study, and therefore the definition of only HPV (without cytological research) is approved as an independent study for the prevention of cervical carcinoma in the United States. However, in Russia, an annual cytological study is therefore recommended a combination of these two studies;
- After the treatment of dysplasia/precancer/cancer of the cervix (the absence of HPV in the analysis after the treatment almost always indicates a successful treatment). For research, it is necessary to obtain a strip from the cervical canal (it is possible to study and material from the vagina, however, it is recommended that the material is recommended by the cervix).
The analysis must be taken:
- Once a year (if HPV "high risk" had previously been discovered and the analysis is passed together with a cytological study);
- 1 time in 5 years, if the previous analysis was negative.
It is almost never necessary to assume an analysis of the low oncogenic risk of the HPV. If there are no papillomas, this analysis does not make sense in principle (the transport of the virus is possible, there is no treatment of the virus, so it is not known what to do with the result of the analysis).
If there are Papillomes, then:
- Very often they are caused by the HPV;
- It is necessary to remove them regardless of whether or not we will find 6/11 types;
- If you take a strip, then directly with the papillomas themselves and not from the vagina/cervix.
There are tests to identify the different types of HPV. If you carry out HPV tests periodically, pay attention to what specific types are included in the analysis. Some workshops make a study only on the sixteenth and 18, others - for all types together. It is also possible to take an analysis that will identify all 14 types of "high risk" viruses in quantitative format. Quantitative characteristics are important to predict the probability of developing precancer and cervical cancer. These tests should be used in the context of the prevention of cervical cancer and not as an independent test. The analysis for the HPV without the results of cytology (RAR test) often does not allow us to draw conclusions on the patient's health.
There is no such analysis that will determine whether the virus "leaves" in a particular patient or not.
Treatment of the human papilloma virus
There is no pharmacological treatment for HPV. There are methods for the treatment of states caused by HPV (papillomas, dysplasia, forecasts, cervical cancer). This treatment should be performed using surgical methods (criticagulation, laser, radio knife).
No "immunostimulating" is related to the treatment of HPV and should not be applied. None of the widely known drugs have passed adequate tests that would show their effectiveness and safety. These drugs are not included protocols/standard/recommendations. The presence or absence of "erosion" of the cervix does not affect the tactics of the HPV treatment.
If the patient has no complaints and non -bowls/changes on the cervix during the Culpopopia and according to Pap - the test, no treatment procedures are needed.
It is necessary to recover the analysis only once a year and monitor the conditions of the cervix (pap -test annually, culpypopia). In most patients, the virus "will leave" the body alone. If you don't leave, it is completely optional that leads to the development of cervical cancer, but control is necessary. The treatment of sexual partners is not required (with the exception of cases where both partners have genital papillomas).
Prevention of the human papilloma virus
Vaccine vaccines have been developed from 16 and 18 types of HPV (one of the vaccines also protects from 6 and 11 types). The types of HPV 16 and 18 "responsible" for 70% of cases of cervical cancer and therefore the protection against them are so important. Planned vaccination is used in 45 countries. Condoms (does not provide 100%protection).